Most rods are defined as fast vs. slow as follows:
Fast action = the upper 1/3 of the rod flexes easily and the lower 2/3 is fairly stiff. This allows close distance casting using the tip and longer reserve power in the butt.
Slow action = full flex when initially loaded,,,,it does not have the fast action tip. Most of these rod will bend into the cork when pushed for distance.
Medium action = Most are a variation of the two above,,,,most medium action have a stiffer tip section wrt the fast action.
You cannot change the rods “action” by over lining or under lining the rod. You are really just flexing the rod deeper with over lining ( with the same load applied by the caster). Do not forget the line does not “load” the rod,,,the FF hand/arm motion bends the rod. The rod flexes due to the line weight (mass) resisting the acceleration imparted by the FF on the rod.
Some individuals and rod manuf. will refer to a “fast recovery”,,,,this is not the same as fast action. The fast recovery is directly related to the rod material modulus (graphite stiffness). This is a relative indication of how quickly the rod goes from loaded to straight, a time function.
A high modulus rod can me manuf. anywhere from fast to slow action. For example the discontinued Sage SP series. The SP+ was very stiff and fast, the SP was medium and the SPL was rather slow in action,,,,they were all manuf. with the very stiff graphite IV material.
Regards,
FK